In the middle of the 19th century, Germany was not a unified country but a collection of over 350 principalities and 1,000 small states. After Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71, Wilhelm I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in 1871. The unification led to rapid industrialization in Germany. By the end of the 19th century, only one fifth of the population of Germany was still working as peasants and the country's economic output rivaled that of the United Kingdom. At the beginning of the 20th century, competition for colonies and markets led to increased rivalry between the European states. When in 1914 Serbian nationalists murdered the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Germany pledged full support for Austria's invasion of Serbia and Europe slid into war. When Germany surrendered in November 1918, the country was in revolutionary uproar, the Kaiser was forced to abdicate and a republic was declared. Political upheaval, reparations and the loss of territory led to economic instability and hyperinflation in the early 1920s. In the 1932 Reichstag elections, the National Socialist Party led by Adolf Hitler, gained the largest share of the popular vote and at the beginning of 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor. Within weeks of taking office Hitler turned Germany into a dictatorship. Germany under Hitler set off World War II. It ended six years later, in spring 1945, with Germany's capitulation. The victorious British, French, American and Soviet allies divided Germany and Berlin into four zones of occupation, each under the control of one ally. In 1949, the three western zones were united to form the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) and the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic. Over the next 40 years the two states would develop very differently. In 1961 the Berlin Wall was built, dividing the city in two. By 1989, a growing number of East Germans were deeply dissatisfied with their lives in confinement. Taking advantage of the changing political climate demonstrators thronged the streets demanding political change. Finally, on 9 November 1989, the Berlin Wall fell. On 3 October 1990, Germany was reunited. In 1991, public vote decided to move the country's capital back to reunited Berlin.